Aluminum Spheres Views
We investigate the adhesion mechanism of aluminum spheres on a silicon substrate. Aluminum particles in the size range of 60h−1500 nm were deposited onto a silicon substrate. It was found that aluminum particles underwent plastic deformation rather than elastic deformation because of van der Waals interactions. A finite element model developed recently is also used to analyze our results. Because the MP model was proposed to describe plastic deformation based on an analysis of metal microcontacts, our results prove the correctness of the MP model from its origin and basis of arguments.
We investigate the adhesion mechanism of aluminum spheres on a silicon substrate. Aluminum particles in the size range of 60-1500 nm were deposited onto a silicon substrate. It was found that aluminum particles underwent plastic deformation rather than elastic deformation because of van der Waals interactions. A finite element model developed recently is also used to analyze our results. Because the MP model was proposed to describe plastic deformation based on an analysis of metal microcontacts, our results prove the correctness of the MP model from its origin and basis of arguments.
Many of Ross Engineering's line of toroids, spheres, and corona nuts have been designed to meet metric dimensions. The Ross toroids are made of aluminum while most spheres are made of either hollow aluminum or solid non-melting carbon with other materials optional. A satin finish is standard with a high polish finish available. Aluminum toroids and spheres are used to minimize corona and for adjusting voltage gradients on long stacks of high voltage components. Spheres are also used for spark gaps and corona eliminating terminations. Carbon spheres are desirable where high current arcing is involved since they do not melt or develop pits or projections but tend to remain a smooth surface. Also, with the presence of slight amounts of Carbon 14, they have a tendency to have more consistent spark-over levels,
Ross Spheres are available in solid or hollow aluminum, solid carbon, or other materials upon request. Most sizes recommended by the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) are standard. The aluminum spheres are usually used for limited current spark gaps or for terminations. Diameters of the standard spheres range from 0.5 cm to 56 cm (0.2 in to 22 in). The non-melting carbon spheres are used for calibrated spark gaps, lightning arresters on antennas, power supply overvoltage, and other transient suppression and high current spark discharge in pulse forming networks. The solid sphere diameters vary from 1 cm to 30.48 cm (.396 in to 12 in).
Aluminum Spheres Images
